Write a very short note on Procedural and substantive democracy.

Procedural democracy and substantive democracy are two dimensions of democratic governance that focus on different aspects of the democratic process.

Procedural Democracy:
Procedural democracy emphasizes the importance of formal processes and procedures in democratic systems. It highlights the significance of free and fair elections, political representation, rule of law, and protection of individual rights. In a procedural democracy, the emphasis is on the methods and mechanisms that ensure the democratic process itself is adhered to, providing a framework for citizen participation and political decision-making. This approach values the principles of equal participation, accountability, and the protection of minority rights within established democratic procedures.

Substantive Democracy:
Substantive democracy, on the other hand, goes beyond the formalities of the democratic process and focuses on the actual outcomes and results of democratic governance. It stresses the importance of achieving social justice, economic equality, and the realization of fundamental rights for all citizens. Substantive democracy is concerned with the substantive impact of political decisions on people's lives, aiming to create a society where citizens have equal opportunities, and social and economic disparities are minimized. This perspective emphasizes that true democracy should not only be about procedural fairness but should also deliver tangible benefits in terms of social and economic well-being.

In summary, while procedural democracy centers on the processes and mechanisms of democratic governance, substantive democracy delves into the actual outcomes and impacts, aiming for a more comprehensive and equitable societal structure. Both dimensions are crucial for a holistic understanding and evaluation of democratic systems.