Write Types of Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) refers to voluntary, discretionary actions by employees that contribute to the overall effectiveness and functioning of an organization. There are several types of OCB, each reflecting positive behaviors that go beyond employees' formal job responsibilities:

1. Altruism:

   • Helping colleagues with work-related issues or providing assistance without expecting anything in return.

2. Conscientiousness:

   • Going above and beyond in fulfilling job responsibilities, showing dedication, and making an extra effort to ensure tasks are completed well.

3. Sportsmanship:

   • Maintaining a positive attitude even in challenging situations, accepting setbacks gracefully, and avoiding unnecessary complaints.

4. Courtesy:

   • Demonstrating politeness, respect, and consideration towards others, fostering a positive and supportive organizational culture.

5. Civic Virtue:

   • Actively participating in organizational activities, showing a sense of responsibility, and contributing to the overall improvement of the work environment.

6. Self-Development:

   • Engaging in activities that enhance personal and professional growth, taking initiatives for skill development, and seeking opportunities for learning.

7. Initiative:

   • Taking proactive steps to identify and implement improvements in processes, procedures, or work methods without waiting for instructions.

8. Voice:

   • Expressing constructive opinions, ideas, or concerns about organizational issues, contributing to open communication and organizational development.

9. Boosterism:

   • Actively promoting and supporting the organization, its policies, and its members, both within and outside the workplace.

10. Courtesy:

    • Demonstrating politeness, respect, and consideration towards others, fostering a positive and supportive organizational culture.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior is crucial for organizational success as it contributes to a positive workplace atmosphere, enhances teamwork, and promotes overall organizational effectiveness. These behaviors, though not explicitly required in job descriptions, significantly impact the social and psychological environment within an organization.