Explain Principles of Classical Conditioning.
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Principles of Classical Conditioning:
Classical conditioning, pioneered by Ivan Pavlov, involves learning associations between stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) naturally elicits a response (unconditioned response – UCR). Through repeated pairing with a neutral stimulus, the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes to evoke a conditioned response (CR) similar to the UCR. The process demonstrates how organisms associate stimuli, forming automatic responses. Extinction occurs if the CS is presented without the UCS. Generalization involves responding to stimuli similar to the CS, while discrimination is the ability to distinguish between specific stimuli. These principles illuminate the basic mechanisms underlying learned associations in classical conditioning.